ekpe society cameroon

Efik populations are found in the following regions: Secret societies aided in the maintaining of law and order at Old Calabar. In part because of their appropriation, exclusive use, and understanding of nsibidi, Ekpe members in the pre-colonial past were thought to have access to the spiritual realm and were, therefore, empowered to make and enforce societal rules and norms. Opinions expressed belong solely to the author and do not represent the views of other Members, Management, or the Community at large. Covering, concealing, and protecting their bodies, it functions as a physical metaphor for the ideological secrecy that the Ekpe society carefully constructs and guards. ,sister Watz. ekpe society cameroon. You been do very proper for we, and now we want to keep proper mouth. ekpe society cameroon - workex.jobs Historians and archaeologists have worked to piece together the human story from prehistory up to today. At its peak, it permeated the social, economic and political life of the Efiks but lately its dominance has been eroded as urbanization and modern political administration expanded. National Museum of African American History and Culture. The Ekpe was vested with the powers of policing and bringing justice to the Efik kingdom. Google Scholar Aye, E. A. The Ogboni fraternity is said to have a strong affiliation to royalty, gerontological system of governance and the law enforcement of the community. [76] Palm wine is acquired by making an incision on the palm tree, a process known as "tapping". Law and order in Efik society was maintained via a number of secret societies. [49] The Enwang are believed to have ruled Atakpa for a number of years. It was worth every penny and made me feel like a kid again. [48] Jeffreys theory is unpopular with a large majority of the Efik. [12], The Efik were noted for their involvement in the slave trade were they acted as slave traders and middlemen between the inland slave traders and the Europeans. That is why Sisiku Ojong Orock after consultation with the other Ekpe members and Sisiku Mfonten Mbu decided to acquire his own Nkanda Lodge in April 2003. For instance any member wronged in an Ekpe district, that is one dominated by the society, has only to address an Ekpe-man or beat the Ekpe drum in the Ekpe-house, or blow Ekpe as it is called, i.e., sound the Ekpe horn, before the hut of the wrong-doer, and the whole machinery of the society is put in force to see justice done. The group is a mutual aid society known for elaborate street dances and very high. [40] Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Calabar. What is a Free Agent "A free agent is one who isn't privileged with even one pure Leopard spiritline from the survivors of the Great Attempt. Ekpe Efik was used as a government instrument in Bakassi in exercising authority for more than 200 years ago [4]. The version of Sunjata we have read is not the only version because: No version was ever written down by a skilled jeli, since Mande traditional society considers any story written down to be "dead". The earliest accounts are narrated in the second half of the 19th century by Explorers and missionaries. Here are 8 prominent cults and secret societies in Africa [8] The bulk of the Efik can be found in Calabar. The earliest proponent of the Igbo origin was William Baikie who stated in his 1856 publication, "All the coast dialects from One to Old Kalabar, are, either directly or indirectly, connected with Igbo, which later Dr Latham informs me is certainly related to the Kafir class". And there are definitely more than 10 Ekpe members still around today. [72] I hope some Man-of-War come sometime with proper captain all same you look out and help we keep word when French Man-of-War come. [71] Meals such as Iwewe were fed to children and old people with no teeth or fragile teeth. Efik traders played a major role during the era of the Transatlantic slave trade. The Ekale Dancers from South-West Cameroon - YouTube Resume: La communaure cubaine Abakua-descendantedes communautes :EB:k Ekpe et Ejagham ~gbedu Sud Est du Nigeria etdu Sud Ouest du Cameroun-a ete fondee ala Havane dans les annees 1830 par des leaders captures des villages de Cross River. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Within Nigeria, the Efik can be found in the present-day Cross River State and Akwa Ibom state. The Efik language was also spoken in several communities in Western Cameroon. . Animals such as goats, chicken and dogs are consumed in Efik cuisine. [37] A captured invader confessed that they were set to retrieve royal emblems which they believed the Efik had taken with them when they left Uruan. . Her behavior at the board meeting was obsequious\mathit{obsequious}obsequious; for example, she actually offered to wash the company president's car! Meat and fish are the major sources of protein in Efik cuisines. These missionaries together with King Eyo Honesty II brought several changes to Old Calabar society. The Osirica is a black Egyptian masonic order that existed in ancient Egypt. This site uses cookies to help personalize content, tailor your experience and to keep you logged in if you register. The Efik acted as the middlemen between the European vessels and the inland slave traders. These are: the oral historians, kings' advisors, poets, and musicians whose power is the ability to manipulate words. Although used exclusively by members of Ekpe, ukara is produced by a sub-group in a village of the Ezillo community in present-day Ebonyi State in the Igbo area in southeastern Nigeria. Ekpe translates to Leopard in the Efik language and is believed to be a spirit that resides in the forest. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. In addition to ritual propitiation of forest spirits to ensure the well-being of the community, this graded secret male society made and enforced laws by fines, capital punishment, or boycotts; judged cases; maintained internal peace; and served as the executive. Why do you think it is important for us to understand our past? Living in what is now Southeast Nigeria and Southwest Cameroon, the people were physically divided by British and German colonial holdings in Africa. Ekpe could take life and could give it; it could condemn a whole town to a heavy fine and was promptly paid; it could punish offenders and could forgive; even kings and Obongs could never escape Ekpe laws and edicts.[69]. ""Hakuna Matata" (No More Worries) - Integrating - NSUWorks (Ed.). Aye, Originally Ekpe Fraternity was for religious purposes, but as the Calabar community became complicated owing to the new wealth which the early trade with Europeans brought it was. Sunjata's aunt, Tenenba Conde, childless herself, must raise the child Fakoli, son of Kosiya Kante, after Kosiya sacrifices herself for her brother's sake. [38] The Efik bard Adiaha Etim Anua recites in her 1910 ballad that "Mkpana Ndodoghi Edik. Prior to 1905, Old Calabar was a term used to describe the Efik settlements of Duke Town, Creek Town, Old town, Cobham town, Henshaw town, Adiabo and Mbiabo (consisting of Mbiabo edere, Mbiabo Ikot Offiong and Mbiabo Ikoneto). Several periods have been estimated by foreign scholars and indigenous historians. Our newsletter gives you access to a curated selection of the most important stories daily. One theory states that the Efik and Uruan had separate religious customs and the Efik refused to worship the Uruan deity Atakpor Uruan Inyang. The earliest documented letter to an English captain from a chief of Old Calabar was written in 1770. "[29] Essien's criticism is supported by the fact that in some Efik trado-religious songs, Atakpor Uruan is greatly extolled. It is uncertain the specific year that the Efik arrived Creek Town. Alternate titles: Egbo, Ekpo, Leopard society. In Ekpe, he is a product of a dynasty of more than five Generations of Ekpe Sisikus, also known as Nfor Ngbe or Ekpe Chiefs. Each grade has a chieftain or an Obong. The group believes that when they eat human flesh, they gain the ability to transform into a crocodile. ekpe society cameroon - impactonoticia.news For the first time in history, Ekpe had a presentation at the highest institution of cultural anthropology in the world, the Smithsonian Museum. Ukara: Ritual Cloth of the Ekpe Secret Society | Hood Museum quickly adapted to fulfil other economic and civil functions. Charles Ekpo Arthur Jarvis University, Akpabuyo, Nigeria The Cross River region is a vast socio-cultural mosaic which accommodates peoples of distinct ethnic, religious, social, economic and. There are several theories regarding the origin of the Efik people. Ethnographic - (Head crest, Ejagham People): Worn by a member of the Ekpe Society to intimidate and punish anyone who has broken tribal law. The Oroko Nation: A Look into the Past - Oroko Nation Proponents of this theory range from missionaries, explorers, colonial anthropologists and later historians. The design is left to the discretion of the Ezillo creators, who are not Ekpe members and do not know the meanings of nsibidi. Posted on March 01, 2015 Ekpe cult, the leopard cult, and a male masquerade cult of the Efik, in cross river state of Nigeria, followed by Doomsday cult (prediction of total destruction of planet earth), then the. Walt Disney World at 50: The History of Disney's - Disney Matters Hope Waddell, Foreign commerce soon brought Calabar affairs into such a state, that the want of a bond of union among the different families, and of a supreme authority to enforce peace and order between equals and rivals, became apparent; and the Egbo institution was adopted. Long time we no look Man-of-War as Blount promise one Frenchman come make plenty palaver for slave when we can't get them. Due to the volume of cultural exchange, many other ethnic groups have often been regarded as being one with the Efik such as Kiong and Efut. Speaking at the ceremony, the head of Ekpe of Afap village, Seseku Daniel Laluh said with Prof Ayuk's commitment in the village, the Ekpe society thought it necessary to confer him the Seseku. Aye in 2000 does not mention the Efut as being the primary occupants. The Ekpe Society is a religious and cultural institution among the Efik people, it can also be found among the Annang and the Ibibios. LEFT Mgballa Ekpe lodge with Ekpe members, Arochukwu, southeastern Nigeria. Among these cuisines include Ekpang nkukwo, Edikang Ikong, Afia efere, Anyan Ekpang, Afang soup and several others. [32] Oku adds that the Uruan were adverse to the Efik custom of burying strangers with their dead and did not share in the practice carried out by the Efik. Although Behrendt and Graham reveal that Calabar had been a major trading port since the first half of the seventeenth century, Efik historians such as Aye assert that the Efik had been trading with the Europeans since the last quarter of the 15th century. Ukara are made exclusively for members of the Ekpe society, an interethnic men's association found throughout southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon. "[18] References to the Igbo origin of the Efik were also made at the Hart's enquiry into the Obongship dispute where Etubom Efiom Obo Effanga asserted that the term "Iboku" meant quarrelsome Igbos. Finding links between Africa and the Americas Talbot asserts that a great cotton tree had fallen down on many of the Abayen and in their pride of numbers, they believed they could hold the cotton tree. A list of some of Africa's most prominent cults and secret societies of all time. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Ekpe" which literally means Lion, is a traditional secret society originated from the Ekoi tribe in Cross River State. [69] The Ekpe spirit cannot be seen by the uninitiated and is represented by Idem Iquo, a masquerade dressed in Esk, a multicoloured costume decorated with other traditional accoutrements. Originally, items such as onions (Oyim mbakara) was rare in Efik meals. Ekpe masquerade [1], Its members are only men and are played on special occasion. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as messengers of the An account from the Qua said the origin of the Ekpe people can be traced to Cameron. [53] It was common for Efik traders to take up trading names during the period of the transatlantic slave trade. In such cases, the Ekpe Society is seen as the . While their political authority is largely diminished today, Ekpe membership is still prestigious and the society continues to be a unifying force among the Ejagham, Igbo, Efik, Ibibio, and other cultural groups in the Cross River region. She or he is a random of nature, a result of mixed up and confused spiritual genetics. The doomsday cult is a sinister transnational cult that has paved its way from the west and Asian world into some African countries including Uganda and South Africa. The area from which the Sunjata Epic comes was historically: the geographical location of the great medieval African kingdoms - Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. PDF Cuban Abakua Chants: Examining New Linguistic and Historical Evidence And it's a symbol in both. In the culture we have discussed, the term jamu refers to: each person's family name, which connects the person to a famous character in the story of Sunjata. (PDF) Evaluating the Place of the Ekpe Traditional Institution as a The Ekpe society is estimated by most foreign scholars to have been introduced into Old Calabar in the 18th century. Internal details about the membership and brotherhood demands of this ancient group is supposedly a top secret known only to the members. This created a need for Ekpe DC to have a full Ayamba Nkanda (Nkanda Chief). [64] It took several years before the town was rebuilt.[64]. What I want for dollar side is a fine coat and sword all same I tell you and the rest in copper rods. Cameroon with the Ekpe cult. [40] The outcome of the fall of the tree led to several deaths in their clan. I was very poorno job and I has no money to even feed and take care of myfamily I was confuse in life I dont know what to do I try allmy possible best to get money but no one work out for meeach day I share tears, I was just looking out my family nomoney to take care of them until one day I decided to jointhe great Illuminati , I come across them in the internet Inever believe I said let me try I email them.all what theysaid we happen in my life just started it was like a dream tome they really change my story totally . Some of the musical instruments that are important in the culture we have discussed are: the bala (balaphon), a kind of xylophone, and the kora, a gourd harp. Due to the peregrinations of Efik traders across the lower Cross River region, The Efik language was regarded as the language of commerce in the Cross river region. ekpe society cameroonworld market toblerone. (Multiple Deaths at Ndodoghi creek, Ema Atai Ema Atai, Priest-king, lost his sight in death). Among these laws were the Abolition of twin-killings, abolition of the esere bean ordeal, abolition of human sacrifices and several other practices. The Efik speak the Efik language which is a member of the Benue -Congo subfamily of the Niger - Congo language group. Efik people - Wikipedia Gelede Egbe: Yoruba Women's Sacred Society. The kp ("leopard") society represents an ancient African institution that provided the supreme functions of governance in the communal societies of the forest regions of the Cross-River basin and the hilly terrain to the east, in what is called today southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon. The practice and display of Ekpe masquerade have been modified. The term "Calabar people" was particularly popular prior to the nineteenth century and was synonymous to the Efik.[6]. The Efik are an ethnic group located primarily in southern Nigeria, and western Cameroon. [61] Due to the fall in global demand for slaves and several other factors, the kings and chiefs of Old Calabar wrote to the British requesting that they send teachers and missionaries to Old Calabar to establish industries and introduce the religion of the white man to them. Papers documenting the research materials and scholarly work of Dr. Ivor L. Miller in cultural studies of the African Diaspora. identity. PDF The Origin of Ekpe Masquerade and the Nsibidi symbols in Southern Ibibio - People in southern Nigeria - Native Breed.org Ekpe masquerade mimic the form of a lion or leopard moves. The main proponents of what is described as "Palestinean origin" is Eyo Okon Akak who wrote the book, "The Palestine origin of the Efik". This exhibition, on view from April 18 to August 2, was organized by the Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth College, and generously supported by the William B. Jaffe and Evelyn A. The Ekpe Society. Today, it is no longer the same Ekpe society of decades ago. [37] When the Efik realised what was going on, they rose to their feet and fought back. The Ekpe is a secret society that lives mostly in Nigeria and whose members are typically law enforcers and politicians. Nair dates the arrival of the Efik towards the end of the seventeenth century or the beginning of the eighteenth century. While some explorers describe the Efik as travellers who past through the Ibibio country, others assert that the Efik are of Ibibio stock. The Ekpe Masquerade Secret Cult of Efik People Of Nigeria [6][7], The name Efik first appears in historical literature in the nineteenth century. As a child, Sunjata at first looks unpromising because: In one of the most dramatic episodes in the Sunjata Epic, Sunjata first begins to demonstrate his extraordinary abilities when he: avenges an insult to his mother by uprooting a tree and placing it in front of her house. Having associated broadly with foreigners in the pre-colonial era and . The Oroko (also Bareka/Batekka) are an ethnic group in Cameroon.They belong to the coastal Bantu group, widely known as Sawa, and primarily occupy the Ndian and Meme divisions of the Southwest Region of Cameroon.The people predominantly speak Oroko, English, and Cameroon Pidgin English.The Oroko are related to several ethnic groups (or tribes) in Cameroon's coastal areas, with whom they share . Another account claimed that Efik people introduced the Ekpe between 1720 and 1729 during the initial migration of Calabar.

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