Robots are cool in theory, but most people dont respond to humans who display robotic (read: cold) characteristics. The Pro Filtr Instant Retouch Setting Powder (setting powder product) was also released in eight translucent shades, as well as a series of beauty tools, including Powder Puff Setting Brush 170, Precision Concealer Brush 180, and Lil Precision Makeup Sponge Duo 105. They either lengthen but not volumize or volumize but don't separate. On the other hand, I know of brands that claim inclusivity but will refuse to carry a line targeting darker skin tones because its not really our customer. Unlike my white colleagues, I would simply be relegated to trying the products for the purpose of texture. That foundation should probably work if you give it time, another informed me, rounded off with the parting words of advice, Send an email to head office, maybe theyll consider making your tone.
Fenty Beauty: A Brand That Is Taking The Beauty World By Storm Fenty Beauty's Latest Ad Celebrates Men Wearing Lipstick Since Fenty Beauty's launch, it has continued to win acclaim for its foundation. . But the point is, they are thinking about it, which was not the case before Fenty. Upon starting the brand, Rihanna made it clear that the brand would emphasize on inclusivity. The beauty company consists of affordable makeup products for the face, lip, cheeks, and eyes, as well. Most importantly, Rihanna creates makeup to inspire: Makeup is there for you to have fun with, she says. [6] Women's Wear Daily reported that LVMH may have paid $10 million (USD) for the agreement, which followed on Kendo deals to produce Marc Jacobs Beauty and Kat Von D Beauty lines. Starting with Fenty Beauty foundation, face primer and Gloss Bomb, she launched a makeup line so that people everywhere would be included, focusing on a wide range of traditionally hard-to-match skin tones, creating formulas that work for all skin types, and pinpointing universal shades. Reply HELP for help or STOP to opt-out. Fenty Beauty continues to deliver an elevated customer experience with exciting launches and fresh ideas that their loyal tribe cant resist. Fenty Beauty connected emotionally with women who had long been treated as though they didnt exist by the beauty industry. Some people buy cosmetics because they like the way it makes their skin look or feel smoother, softer, younger. Fenty Beauty (stylized as FETY BEAUTY) is a cosmetics brand by Rihanna, that was launched on September 8, 2017.Popular for its broad inclusivity across various skin tones, its Pro Filt'R foundation became high-demand upon first release. She has no problem responding to doubters and trolls, and Fenty Beauty has followed suit. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[728,90],'amplifyxl_com-leader-1','ezslot_15',196,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-amplifyxl_com-leader-1-0');Peer pressure is often a strong motivator for people to use cosmetics, especially among young people. September 7, 2017. Artist and entrepreneur Rihanna, who also founded Fenty Beauty and Savage X Fenty, first started working with the athletics brand in 2015. Dont have a personal brand?
The Fenty Beauty Target Market: Who Loves This Beauty Brand? (And Why We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. With more than 90 products released in 17 countries, Fenty Beauty has established itself as the new It girl of beauty brands. Fenty beauty is a cosmetic line that was launched in September 2017 in partnership with one of the top ranking internet retailers in America called Sephora. The cosmetics industry is a multi-billion dollar industry with a broad and complex consumer base. While its definitely not the place for the full-face, full-coverage crowd, the refreshing thing is that no bashing of the latter can be found.
How Rihanna's Fenty was Super Bowl 2023's big marketing winner Is that Fenty on your face? she shouts excitedly and after telling her yes, getting my highlighter and brush out and doing my best makeup artist impression on her, I now have a friend for life. Keep in mind it may not work for your brand to be sarcastic.21 Oct 2017 . [61][62] Also in March 2018, Daniel Kaluuya, nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his starring role in Get Out, appeared on the Oscar red carpet wearing Fenty Beauty's Pro Filt'R Foundation (specifically, shades 480 and 490).
3 Beauty Brands with Unforgettable Brand Identities What is the underlying reason for trying to look different? The brand is best known for its inclusivity across skin tones and gender. Keep in mind it may not work for your brand to be sarcastic. Known for its unique collection of l ipsticks, highlighters, and foundations for a diverse range of skin types, the brand was created with a promise of inclusion for all women.
What is Fenty brand personality? - Sage-Answers Its a way to relax and escape from the everyday stressors of life.
How Fenty Beauty Built Brand Awareness and Won | Latana However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Select sale items. [52] Faces of the initial Fenty Beauty campaign included Slick Woods, Halima Aden, Leomie Anderson, Indyamarie Jean, Paloma Elsesser, Selena Forrest, Camila Costa, and Duckie Thot. It encourages people to have fun with makeup instead of to wear it like a uniform. While its clear that this brand stands on an unshakable set of values, it still manages to keep things light with a relatable and lively brand voice, using fun shade names like Fruit Snackz and Mauve Wive$ and products like Full Frontal Mascara. The star's previous work with the German sportswear brand led to an increase in sales, but ended in 2018. Their personalized and stylized products are daring and dazzling.
Does China Want Inclusive Beauty? | Jing Daily Fenty Beauty connected emotionally with women who had long been treated as though they didn't exist by the beauty industry. Are you starting your own beauty brand and wondering how to carve out an unforgettable and consistent brand identity like these three powerhouses? Fenty Beauty is a brand constantly evolving. In 2020, no longer does the beauty industry solely cater to the mass-market. Your email address will not be published. Not just in terms of the quality and desirability of the products but its disruptive approach to inclusive makeup. While it would be easy to attribute the success of Fenty Beauty just to Rihanna's star power or her focus on inclusivity, there are other parts of Fenty Beauty's strategy that contributed to the brand's disruption of the . Fenty Beauty Bright Fix. foundation, Stay Woke concealer, and Badass Icon matte lipstick. Drunk Elephant Beste No. The Fenty Beauty brand makes use of minimal and chic aesthetics to create a product line that jumps from the shelves thanks to its elegance and delicate look and feel. Now, with her own lineup of products masterfully developed to work together, she reveals her real-life method for killer radiance. In this case, the desire isnt to cover up blemishes or wrinkles; instead, theyre after the smell of perfume or a scent that is attractive to others. Rihanna and as an extension of her - Fenty Beauty, are doing everything right. The motive behind having so many shades to offer is to differentiate from . IT'S THERE FOR YOU TO HAVE FUN WITH. So, what makes up the Fenty Beauty target market and what attracts them to this beauty brand? Fenty Beauty relies on the proposition that beauty should be accessible to everyone, regardless of race, gender, or culture. Keep in mind it may not work for your brand to be sarcastic. Vision Statement of Fenty-Beauty Fenty Beauty is building a new beauty empire. If all their friends are using a certain product, they may feel like they need to use it too in order to fit in. The messaging essentially that if you dont fit an age-old Eurocentric ideal of beauty, you are not welcome was the white elephant in the room of a tone-deaf business. Adesua Etomi is a Nigerian actress, model, and television personality who has appeared in films and television shows in Nigeria. She has no problem responding to doubters and trolls, and Fenty Beauty has followed suit. Candice Carty-Williams, author of Queenie, celebrates Rihanna's game-changing brand. And so, these people are the primary segment of the Fenty Beauty target market. This was September 2017, outside Harvey Nichols in Knightsbridge a time before social distancing was etched into our consciousness. In fact, as an industry we have barely touched the sides. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. The Eaze Drop Blurring Skin Tint and Pro Filt'r Instant Retouch Longwear Liquid Concealer are other essentials loved by shoppers, boasting 25 and 50 shades to choose from respectively. [49], In August 2022, Madison Beer was announced as the latest ambassador of Fenty Beauty joining Madison Bailey, Kane Lim, and Nikita Kering.[50].
Fenty Beauty Eaze Drop Blurring Skin Tint Review on Five Women | Glamour According to Forbes, she is now worth $1.7 billion, making her the world's wealthiest female musician. [47], On February 17, 2022, Rihanna announced that Ulta Beauty stores would begin carrying Fenty Beauty products beginning March 6, 2022. [63] Time magazine described him as looking "luminous";[64] in the UK edition of The Huffington Post, Patricia Ekall said his "dewy glow brought the "no-makeup-makeup look" to another level. Fenty Beauty by Rihanna Poutsicle Hydrating Lip Stain 4 Colors. You want potential customers to trust that your product is unmatchable when it comes to X,Y, and Z. It should never feel like pressure. Privacy Policy | Cookie Policy | Terms of Use, 15 Designer Brands Like Alamour the Label For Women, Consumers who would like to smell good and feel attractive, Consumers who would like to relax and pamper themselves, Consumers who would like to express their individuality, Consumers who will use cosmetics under peer pressure, Consumers who buy Fenty Beauty as a status symbol, Consumers who use makeup to hide skin defects. It is the moment you try the darkest shade (in my experience, this was called Biscuit), in a foundation range and realise, with a crushing sense of rejection, that the brand wasnt created with you in mind. [24][25] Subsequent launches of new products and lines have been widely criticized for their lack of inclusive shades and overall failure to meet the new standards set by Fenty Beauty, such as Kim Kardashian's line KKW Beauty,[26][27] Tarte's Shape Tape Foundation,[24] and Benefit's Hello Happy Foundation. Rihanna spent years refining her go-to makeup technique, testing it backstage, on stage, and in real life. "With Fenty being such a diverse brand as it is, I think that she will create a range targeted at all demographics but maybe targeting particular hair types with extend and building on that. Businesswoman Emily Weiss started Glossier as a result of her beauty blog Into the Gloss, which predominately featured interviews with women. It's exactly what you'd expect from a beauty brand helmed by. It should never feel like a uniform. [42], On January 11, 2019, Fenty Beauty launched Pro Filtr Instant Retouch Concealer in 50 shades. All the latest product drops, limited offers, in-store event infostraight to your inbox. She has no problem responding to doubters and trolls, and Fenty Beauty has followed suit. [35], On March 23, 2018, the brand launched a limited-edition highlighter called, "Dirty Thirty", for Rihanna's 30th birthday. 58.16 . In 2018, Time magazine named Fenty Beauty one of the most genius companies, noting that, in only a year, Fenty Beauty has pulled off a makeover of the makeup industry. Book a complimentary shade matching consultation! Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. In 2017, the Fenty Beauty brand launched with 40 shades of foundation, spurring on the rest of the industry to recognise that inclusivity should be standard, and . Makeup is there for you to have fun with, she says. Looking better is a strong need for most people. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". "[65] Several outlets noted men's use of makeup was "not unusual", but said the news nevertheless "pleasantly surprised" fans.[65][66]. Fenty Beauty History - How It Started. The company - which is owned by Rihanna - launched with a 100% digital campaign featuring live chats, skincare tips, and live music from Rihanna herself. Welcome to Branding 101, a series where we examine celebrities and companies dominating the news, and what we can learn from them. $30.00. Posted 9:33:07 PM. There's also a matte coating around a lot of the lip glosses . The exclusive Fenty Beauty makeup concealer has more than 50 shades for a wide variety of all skin types. So perhaps yes, there is a lack of authenticity.
Fenty Beauty's Chic Makeup Packaging Walks A Fine Line - DesignRush 9 Great Examples Of Content Marketing From Beauty Brands Shortly after that other brands did the same.. Fenty Beauty didnt just address this, it blew the conversation wide open.
From Fenty Beauty, To Charlotte Tilbury, To Glossier - These Billion Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Arriving alone, and very shy, I plan to read the zine in a corner and keep myself to myself.
Fenty Beauty: A Star-Power Marketing Case Study - LMD Agency Its a social movement, and has made other and much more established brands do better.
Fenty Beauty by Rihanna | Kendo Brands | Makeup The appointment of Fan Chengcheng as Fenty's brand ambassador is largely seen as a move to capitalize on his female fan following. ', MAKEUP IS THERE FOR YOU TO PLAY WITH. I arrive, marvel at the beautiful black and brown people in the room, feel suitably intimidated and take to my corner.
Fenty Beauty - Wikipedia These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Pre Fenty, the words inclusive beauty were not part of our vernacular. Fenty Beauty is a well-known cosmetics brand founded by popular singer Rihanna in 2017. [69] The launch also helped raise LVMH's cosmetic and perfume sales for the third quarter of 2017 by 17%. The drive of just a single brand can brighten our minds, and lead to the awakening of a whole industry making real change. Others found it incompatible with oily or dry skin types. Former beauty exec Chuter, who drew inspiration from her Afro heritage to design this forward-thinking makeup range, said The world is beautiful because we are all different and colorful in our unique way and this is why UOMA Beauty exists. By the end of its first full calendar year of operation, it had generated $550 million in revenue, making it more successful than other celebrity-fronted brands such as Kim Kardashian's KKW Beauty, Kylie Jenner's Kylie Cosmetics and Jessica Alba's Honest Co. Glossier has since expanded to include shower gel, body lotion, lip balms, fragrance, serums, and a bevy of other beauty and skincare related products. It should never feel like pressure. Fenty Beauty . Jenner became an overnight celebrity when she starred in the television series, Keeping Up with the Kardashians, in 2007 at age 15. . It's no surprise, therefore, that most people want to know what the Fenty Beauty marketing strategy is and why it works so well. Before that, most of the mainstream cosmetics brands ignored the needs of dark complexion, and the revolution made by Fenty Beauty was undoubtedly its breakthrough. Glossier is also extremely customer-focused, making the promise everything we make starts with you. And it was clear that diversity was a core value, not an afterthought. Rihanna will now return for a new Fenty X Puma collaboration. . Branding on a business-level is important but branding yourself can help build valuable relationships with fellow industry-makers, customers and clients. There is no doubt that Rihanna's international fame served as a huge springboard when the brand first launched. Conversations with salespeople were at times alienating, at worst insulting. This is the top ten most beautiful actresses in Nigeria for 2020. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[728,90],'amplifyxl_com-large-mobile-banner-2','ezslot_17',600,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-amplifyxl_com-large-mobile-banner-2-0');Some consumers like to use makeup to cover up skin defects or blemishes. [1] Fenty Beauty was among these new trademarks. The ProFiltr Foundation is one of Fenty's most iconic products, as it offers an impressive number of shades covering pretty much every skin tone. She tells me that she feels inspired. This was the landscape for many years. It does not store any personal data. Under-$25 Beauty Buys from Women-Owned Brands at Ulta. The color really holds up all day, doesn't look too glittery, and can easily be toned. You don't have to be all the same, all the time. said Brazilian model Camila Costa in a short clip posted by Fenty Beauty, which perfectly expresses the brands core concept. Fenty Beauty isnt just about makeup, nor is it about Rihanna simply expanding her empire beyond music, underwear, or her recently announced fashion label, under luxury conglomerate LVMH. Fenty Beauty takes the lead to break the boundaries. As the beauty blogger Tiss Saccoh said, "We must carefully continue to maintain the positive attitude we are building and continue to break down social barriers, because it is the social change that has triggered these changes, and to maintain this change we need to develop this trend into the status quo. This brand is rewriting the rules of inclusivity and diversity and I am here for it! From a quick scroll of their website and IG, the vibe is definitely clean, simple, and fresh. Fenty Eau de Parfum + Scarf Wrap Set, EXCLUSIVE! To revisit this article, visit My Profile, then View saved stories, To revisit this article, select My Account, thenView saved stories. Let's Talk About Brand Personality, Voice, and Tone | by Felicia C. Sullivan | Marketing Made Simple | Medium 500 Apologies, but something went wrong on our end. The brands fearless creator, Robyn Rihanna Fenty, launched this makeup line after seeing a void for products that performed across all skin types and tones. Fenty Beauty also is a big draw for a more diverse consumer base, beating out other brands on this metric. I repeat - FORTY. Much of her fortune comes from her makeup and skincare brand, Fenty Beauty, of which she owns 50 percent. Rihanna leads the charge with her fearless reinvention, bringing to life a unique vision for beauty that is feminine and edgy, individual and inclusive, and always keeps makeup-wearers around the globe guessing. Read more: The Story Behind Rihannas Face Tattoo On The Cover Of British Vogue. But heres the thing, fundamentally the issue isnt really about foundations per se. She has no problem responding to doubters and trolls, and Fenty Beauty has followed suit. Those who connect with her personal brand will more than likely be interested in Fenty Beauty, or at the very least, check it out. While other brands struggle to be inclusive, Rihanna did it right out of the gate. The impact of wearing badly-formulated foundations goes beyond the aesthetic. From unrealistic beauty ideals to the blatant lack of representation reflected in campaigns and product offerings, the beauty industrys relationship with diversity was problematic at best. So, consumers may buy Fenty Beauty products for the simple reason that it makes them feel good.
Fenty, Puma collaboration returns | Retail Dive Marketing Strategy and SWOT Analysis of Fenty Beauty Nyma Tang Tang might be best known for modeling Fenty Beauty 's deepest shade, but she's proved she's much more than just a pretty face. The Fenty Beauty brand is built around inclusivity, and it is by its community that the brand continues to thrive. ", Scott agrees, adding: "Fenty Beauty spoke to all of us in the world that were treated like afterthoughts within the beauty industry Now, if your brand isn't going to be inclusive then you'll become excluded. [40] Shortly after the luminizer products were released, Fenty Beauty launched in Saudi Arabia.
Fenty Beauty: How make-up helped Rihanna become a billionaire - BBC News 9 New Shades! Fenty Beauty Full Frontal Volume, Lift & Curl Mascara Most mascaras can't do it all. This, readers, was not the new supermarket-shopping etiquette enforced on us by Covid-19.
Kendo Brands, Inc. hiring Director, Copy - Fenty in San Francisco In some ways Fenty was a natural extension of that attitude. She also credits the brands embracing models of color and makeup across genders for its skyrocketing popularity. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Built on inclusivity, the flagship product became its Pro Filtr foundation, launching in 40 shadesthe most of any mainstream beauty brand at the time. Luckily for Fenty Beauty, Rihannas personal brand was already defined and influential. Head office: 425 Market Street, 19th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105 ViewTerms of Use. Dont worry.
Brand Management, Fenty Beauty Internship - Career Center | University This Fenty Beauty cosmetics review did come across a few customer complaints. ", Join half a million readers enjoying Newsweek's free newsletters, Singer and Beauty Guru Rihanna Now Official Billionaire, Eye Doctor Reveals Why You Should Never Apply Eyeliner on Your Waterline, Rihanna attends Savage X Fenty Show Vol. Fenty Beauty (stylized as FETY BEAUTY) is a cosmetics brand by Rihanna, that was launched on September 8, 2017. Not too much drama, but it's still DRAMA. Quote on Rihannas best describing of this collection. Its taken one young black woman, who cut her teeth in music, to bring inclusivity to the beauty industry, and to make a whole set of people feel seen in doing so.
Rihanna Talks Fenty, That Long-Awaited Album, and President Trump - Vogue The first time she experienced makeup for herself, she never looked back. Even for some hard-to-pull-off colors like lilac and icy blue that are rarely seen in makeups, Fenty beauty makes them surprisingly flattering on different skin tones: the iridescent hue pops and gives a soft icy look like a true snow queen. Fenty Beauty is a brand with high-quality ingredients formulated for all skin tones and skin types. In 2021, a person should be able to shop without questioning if the brands cater to their skin tone. Fenty Beauty by Rihanna on Twitter (new window), Fenty Beauty by Rihanna on Facebook (new window), Fenty Beauty by Rihanna on Youtube (new window), Fenty Beauty by Rihanna on Instagram (new window), https://www.lvmh.com/houses/perfumes-cosmetics/fenty-beauty-by-rihanna/, We just ICONS livin with our lips rich, whipped and plush AF. Everything Rihanna touches turns to gold, and her first-ever Fenty makeup line complete with a gilded highlighter called Trophy Wife is no exception. Fenty Beauty was the first brand within the empire to be launched and is undoubtedly the jewel in the crown, experiencing impressive growth since its launch just three years ago. This could be because of an accident, a medical condition, or simply because they were born with it.
Rihanna Celebrates the Release of Fenty Beauty | Teen Vogue Each collection is full of detail, and intentionally crafted for their loyal tribe. As the mammoth line snaked around the building, my heart sank further it is a myth that Brits love to queue; we feel compelled to, we dont love it. Fenty Beauty's first body product "Body Lava", a liquid product that could be buffed into any part of the body for illumination. Fenty Icon Velvet Liquid Lipstick 5 shades The MVP Quick Shop $29.00 HALFTIME APPROVED Invisimatte Instant Setting + Blotting Powder Add To Bag $36.00 BACK IN STOCKBESTSELLER GONE VIRAL Gloss Bomb Heat Universal Lip Luminizer + Plumper 6 shades Hot Chocolit Heat Quick Shop $26.00 RIHANNA'S REAL-LIFE METHOD Fenty Face: Build Your Own 4-piece Bundle Californiaresidents: Please also see our Financial Incentive Terms. r.e.m. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features.
Foundation in 40 shades, skinsticks in 30 shades, made for you. Fenty Beauty Rare Beauty . Culture Rihanna Fenty Beauty Makeup Beauty Popstar-turned-beauty mogul Rihanna has now been declared a billionaire.
Fenty Process Book Pages 1-50 - Flip PDF Download | FlipHTML5 A part of this market also includes those interested in natural skin care products. [71], According to Bernard Arnault, chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of LVMH, Fenty Beauty's sales reached almost 500 million euros ($573 million) by the end of 2018. Published on February. Message and data rates may apply. Growth and Distribution Network The company has grown rapidly through its partnership with Sephora and department stores like Harvey Nichols. Twitter Is Roasting KKW Beauty Over Their Latest Fenty Beauty-Inspired Campaign", "Benefit is launching a new 'Hello Happy' foundation", "Red lipstick lovers are going to *need* Fenty Beauty's new lip paint, so make room in your collection", "13 Women-Run Beauty Brands You Need To Know About", "Pourquoi on est toutes fans du Stunna Lip Paint de Fenty Beauty? The Internet Is Obsessed with the Campaign's Diverse Stars", "I Was a Male Makeup Virgin Until Rihanna Came into My Life", "@blameitonkway talks about his insane fenty commercial", "Fenty Beauty's Latest Ad Celebrates Men Wearing Lipstick", "Daniel Kaluuya Wore Fenty Foundation on the Oscars Red Carpet", "Get Out Star Daniel Kaluuya Had a Little Help From Rihanna for the Oscars Red Carpet", "Black Panther's Daniel Kaluuya Wore Fenty Beauty to the Oscars and We're Shook", "Rihanna Speaks Out Against Brands for Exploiting Trans People as 'a Convenient Marketing Tool', "Why 2017 was the year of the beauty mogul", "Fenty Beauty's Foundation Just Called Out Some Major Beauty Bullshit", "Sephora Is Bringing Shade to the Make-Up Industry", "LVMH Reports Fenty Beauty Revenues Hit 500 Million Euros in 2018", "#LVMH remarks on incredible success of #FentyBeauty in 2018 that achieved 500 million euros in sales", "How Rihanna Created A$600 Million FortuneAnd Became The World's Richest Female Musician", "Fenty's Fortune: Rihanna Is Now Officially A Billionaire", "Rihanna's Fenty Beauty Named One of Time Magazine's Best Inventions of 2017", "fenty beauty named one of TIME's best inventions of 2017", "Fenty Beauty Was Just Named 1 of Time's Best Inventions of 2017", "Fenty Beauty Was Named One of TIME's 25 Best Inventions of 2017", "Rihanna's Fenty Beauty is one of Time's best inventions of 2017", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fenty_Beauty&oldid=1142466274, This page was last edited on 2 March 2023, at 15:07. There is no uniform standard for beauty and people should voice for themselves in their unique way. This multi-talented superstar stormed the music industry, and to date has won 9 Grammys, 13 American Music Awards, and 12 Billboard Music Awards. Pro Filtr Soft Matte Longwear Foundation is the ultimate photo filter in foundation form, born in 50 inclusive shades. Fenty's Digital Launch. Whatever the reason, these people may use makeup and cosmetics to conceal and minimize their skin defects. It not only highlighted the importance of being seen, it proved to the industry that women of colour have huge spending power, and that black can, and does, sell.